The main function of the eyelids is to protect the eye from potential external impurities. Their shape and location on our body prevent objects and bacteria from entering, keeping our eyes healthy and preventing objects like dust, sand, glass, and other materials from damaging the eyeball.
Other functions attributed to the eyelids include filtering sunlight to prevent it from affecting or irritating our eyes. They are sensitive to touch; any contact with them triggers a reflex movement that instantly closes the eyelids. They also spread the tears produced by the lacrimal glands to prevent dryness.
The obvious connection of the eyelids to the eye is altered when a disease arises in one of the eyelids, in this case in the lower eyelid, and is called ectropion.
It is the medical term used when the edge of one of the eyelids turns outwards, and the inner part of the eyelid is exposed to various environmental factors.
In ectropion, there is no contact with the surface of the cornea; part of the conjunctiva of the eyelid remains exposed, causing discomfort and some aesthetic disturbance.
What are the causes of ectropion?
This misalignment of the eyelids is usually associated with the aging of the tissues, which weaken and lose tension. When it occurs due to this cause, it is called involutional or senile ectropion. However, in addition to aging, there are other causes that can lead to ectropion, such as:
- Facial spasm or paralysis.
- Healing processes.
- Genetic disorders.
- Benign or cancerous tumors.
What are the symptoms of ectropion?
The most frequent symptoms in patients with ectropion are those related to the growth of the spurs, as this is the most common and frequent symptom. The symptoms are described as follows:
- Eye irritation: When tears stagnate or dry eyes occur, irritation, redness of the eyelid margin, and burning may appear.
- Excessive tearing of the eye: (excessive tears): since with this condition the tears do not drain properly, they can accumulate, constantly covering the eyelids.
- Dry eyes: This condition can cause excessively dry, rough, and gritty eyes.
- Sensation of a foreign body
- Redness of the eyelid margin and sclera (the white part of the eyeball).
- Light sensitivity: Tears that stagnate in the eyes or dryness can irritate the corneal surface, causing light sensitivity.
How is ectropion diagnosed?
To diagnose ectropion, a routine eye exam and physical examination may be performed. During the exam, one of our ophthalmologists at Clínica Nivaria may gently pull on the eyelid or ask the patient to close their eyes tightly. The goal is to assess the tone and strength of the eyelid muscles. If the ectropion is caused by a scar, tumor, or previous surgery, the doctor will also examine the surrounding tissue.
What is the treatment for ectropion?
Some medical treatments, such as eye lubrication, can relieve symptoms, but the definitive treatment is surgery. The surgical procedure is performed under local anesthesia and consists of repositioning the eyelids.
There are various techniques, depending on the particularities of each case. At Clínica Nivaria we have the most qualified specialists in the Canary Islands who will select the most appropriate one.
Most cases cannot be prevented. Artificial tears or ointments can be used to prevent corneal damage that may occur as a result of this condition. In patients with age-related eyelid laxity, continuous vertical traction on the lower eyelid should be avoided, as it can slow the progression of the condition.
This is a very common condition, but it's essential that you visit our Ophthalmology Clinic in Santa Cruz de Tenerife for a diagnosis and to determine the most appropriate treatment plan. We look forward to seeing you!
